Basic Information about Dengue Fever

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 Basic Information about Dengue Fever Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted through a mosquito Aedes aegypti. It has become a major health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries, including Pakistan. There are four types of dengue virus. Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but provides no protection against infection by the other three viruses. According to the World Health Organization, there are 50 million dengue infections worldwide every year. Now, there are 2.5 billion people at risk from dengue. The female Aedes mosquito gets the virus when it bites an infected person. When an infected mosquito bites another person, viruses enter his / her blood and attack white blood cells. Inside WBCs, viruses reproduce and destroy them. In severe cases, the virus affects liver and bone marrow. As a result there is a decrease in the production of blood platelets and patient suffers from bleeding. Other symptoms of dengue include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains and rash.

Sometimes, dengue fever converts into dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or into dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DHF results in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage. In DSS the blood pressure falls dangerously low. There is no vaccine or treatment for dengue fever. At present, the only method of controlling dengue virus transmission is to check the spread of Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti breeds primarily in the containers used for water storage, discarded plastic containers, used automobile tyres and other items that collect rainwater. The mosquitoes can be controlled through proper solid waste disposal and improved water storage practices. Small fish and crustaceans have also been used for killing the larvae of the mosquito. Insecticide sprays have not proved efficient in killing the mosquitoes, because spray does not penetrate all habitats of adult mosquitoes.

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